Analysis of Online Recruitment Process With TAM

Analysis of Online Recruitment Process With tammyANALYSIS OF ONLINE RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR JOBSEEKERS USING engine room ACCEPTANCE MODEL(tam-o-shanter)1) S.Munzarin, 2) A. Manimegalai3) G. Latha, 4) B. SindhujaABSTRACT I.INTRODUCTIONToday, online recruitment has become a major tool for many organizations. However, little is known ab aside jobseekers reactions to this new technology. This article is aimed at evolution a entanglement-based and central recruitment Process system for the HR class of the company. Some features of this system will be creating vacancies, storing application info, and Interview process initiation, schedule interviews, storing Interview results for the applier and finally Hiring of the applicant. This online vane lay provides jobseekers to register themselves by attending the registration exam. Reports may be required to be generated for the rehearse of the HR assemblage. This paper provides an acuteness for jobseekers on the effective use of e-r ecruitment website and strategy to attract potential jobseekers for employment in reducing the manual work of HR correcting the Test, Short-listing the candidates, Informing the candidates etc. information gathered from 332 job applicants at System Group Corp. shows usefulness and perceived ease of use as core constructs of TAM model atomic number 18 both main factors that predict jobseekers behavioral patterns to use recruitment websites.Keywords, Technology espousal Model, online recruitment, e-recruitment efficient usage, jobseekers, behavioral intentions.Nowadays, e-recruitment is a method to recruit potential employees with over 90% of Fortune 500 companies employ some form of online recruiting (Feldman Klaas, 2002). Job seekers are also conducting their searches online with over 52 million Americans have used online job searches (Jansen, Jansen, and Spink, 2005). Online recruiting and hiring as a business tool has not only changed the way companies recruit employees and how job seekers search for jobs, it has also impacted both parties involved.If the strong suit of an organizations web site in attracting potential employees is considered to be a crucial determinant of an organizations ability to generate able applicants (Willianson et al., 2003), identifying the factors that influence jobseekers attraction to organization website has to be a superior forwardity.This fact was highlighted by a recent vignette of college students reporting that 26% of students rejected potential employers from job search consideration because of the poor design of their web sites (Karr, 2000). This paper attempts to use Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) introduced by Davis, (1989) as one of the most successful models explaining the user/technology adaption to identify some factors influencing jobseekers behavioral intentions in using e-recruitment websites. The meetings of the current paper not only provides an insight for managers on the effective use o f organizations recruitment websites barely also, by providing a run theoretical framework, would help to eliminate the victimizecomings associated with former studies in the area of online recruitment. To begin our discussion, we first review the existing online recruitment literature. We then explain Technology Acceptance Model as our research framework, and introduce the related hypotheses. Finally, we explain the practical implications of the research, as well as our study limitations.2. TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)In IT literature, the TAM is the most prestigious model use to banner technology acceptance. This model is the computer address of Ajzen and Fishbeins system of Reasoned Action (TRA), by Fred Davis and Richard Bagozzi (Bagozzi et al., 1992 Davis et al., 1989) to explain the information processing system-usage behavior. The main purpose of TAM was to provide an explanation of the determinants of computer acceptance that is generally, capable of explaining user behavior across a broad range of end-user reckon technologies and user populations, while at the same time being both parsimonious and theoretically justified (Davis et al., 1989, p. 985). Numerous empirical studies have found that TAM consistently explains a substantial proportion of the variance (about 40%) in usage intentions and behavior (Venkatesh and Bala, 2008), and TAM compares favorably with alternative models such as the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Venkatesh and Davis, 1996). As of December 2007, the Social Science Citation Index listed over 1,700 citations to the two journal articles that introduced TAM (Davis, 1989 Davis et al., 1989). TAM theorize that an individuals behavioral intention to use a system is determined by two beliefs perceived usefulness, defined as the extent to which a somebody believes that using a system will enhance his or her job performance, and perceived ease of use, defined as the extent to which a person believes that using a system will be free of effort (Venkatesh and Davis, 1996). According to TAM, perceived usefulness is also influenced by perceived ease of use because, other things being equal, the easier the system is to use the more than useful it can be(Venkatesh and Davis, 1996).Many researchers empirical studies have replicated and tested the model under different conditions for TAMs extended multivariates as general measures by explicitly including IT acceptance variables (e.g., Davis et al., 1992 Compeau and Higgins, 1995 Ma and Liu, 2004). However, Davis et al. (1989) TAM assumes that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are of primary relevance for computer acceptance. In the next section, with a full introduction of these two core constructs of TAM perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness the research hypotheses are presented and the research framework is explained.2.1.1. perceive Usefulness (PU)Perceived usefulness is defined here as the floor to which a person believes that using a extra system would enhance his or her job performance. Within an organizational context, people are generally reinforced for good performance by raises, promotions, bonuses, and other rewards (Pfeffer, 1982). A system high in perceived usefulness, in turn, is one for which a user believes in the existence of a positive use-performance relationship. Organizations recruitment websites often reward jobseekers with comprehensive job information including, salary information, benefits, rewards, and organizational programs (Cober et al., 2000). Perceiving system usefulness as antecedent of e-recruitment utilization, such as using these information and tools to enhance the effectiveness of job application, would draw the attention of many employed jobseekers into adopting the technology for job search (Tong, 2008).2.1.2. Perceived Ease of Use (PEU)Perceived ease of use, in contrast, refers to the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. This follows from the definition of ease freedom from thornyy or great effort. every(prenominal) else being equal, we claim, an application perceived to be easier to use than another is more likely to be accepted by users. On the contrary, a complex system, that is difficult to use, is less likely to be adopted since it requires significant effort and interest on the part of the user (Teo, 2001). As perceived ease of use has an reverse relationship with the perceived complexity of use of the technology, it affects perceived usefulness. TAM thus posits that perceived usefulness is influenced by perceived ease of use (Sanchez- Franco and Roldan, 2005). Similarly, in the e-recruitment context, jobseekers would favor the system if it is easy to use compared to other methods of job applications.2.1.3. Behavioral IntentionBagozzi et al. (1992), believe that new technologies (e.g., recruitment websites) are complex, Thus, people form attitud es and intentions toward trying to experience to use the new technology prior to initiating efforts directed at using (Tong, 2008). Sanchez- Franco and Roldan (2005) study found that the relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention was strong among goal-directed users. Consequently, this study relates PEOU to PU and PU to BI with the following hypothesesH1 Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) positively influences Perceived Usefulness (PU) in Erecruitment adoption.H2 Perceived Usefulness (PU) positively influences Behavioral Intention (BI) to useorganizations e-recruitment website. Therefore, given empirical tested studies of modified TAM and the significant causal link among the three constructs by previous researchers, the author attempts to use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test these highly validated studies with PEOU, PU, as independent variables and BI as the dependent variablefor this study. The research framework is also illustrated in Figure 1.Figure1. Research framework forjobseekers e-recruitment technology adoption3. METHOD3.1. ParticipantsThe participants of the study were 347 applicants for System Group Corp. While having more than 1200 employees, System Group Corp. is considered to be the biggest active organization in manufacturing software technologies in Iran. The data was gathered in a two-month period, during which 421 applicantslogged on to the organizations website. From among these applicants, 347 questionnaires were gathered by the researcher, and at the end, a number of 332 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate 82%). The respondents of the study included 63 percent male, 73 percent single, and the majority of them ranged between 21 to 25 years old. Participation was completely anonymous and on a voluntary basis.3.2. ProcedureThe researchers did not have portal to the actual application data due to stringent privacy regulations. Rather, data on the measures were collected using an online questionnaire that w as administered subsequent to the online application procedure. we will first describe the data that were collected as part of the application procedure followed by a description of the research questionnaire.3.2.1. Application ProcedureApplicants could search for positions on the System Group official website. Here, candidates could find general information on the organization and its conditions of employment. More specifically, information could be found on the organizations culture, structure, development opportunities, and benefits. All applicants had to fill out an online form after they had accepted a privacy statement. The form consisted of information on contact details, date of birth, gender, education, and qualifications obtained from college, work experience, and skills. In addition, applicants had the opportunity to give additional information and to upload personal documents such as a curriculum vitae.3.2.2. Research QuestionnaireAfter completion and submission of the online application, a questionnaire was presented in a pop-up windowpane on a separate web page. This questionnaire was also accessible via a link which could be found in an email confirming the receipt of the applicants online application. The confirmation email was sent immediately after the online application had been submitted. A short introductory text accompanied the link to the online survey.3.2.3. MeasuresThe questionnaire was preceded by a short introductory text. Anonymity and confidentiality of the participants responses were emphasized. It was explicitly mentioned that responses could not affect the selection process in any way and that the company did not have access to individual responses. It took respondents approximately 5 min to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire was offered in both Farsi and English languages. Translations were made from English to Farsi, which were checked by native speakers. All responses were assessed on the following five-point Like rt scale (1=completely disagree, 3=neutral, and 5= completely agree), with the exception of items on general background information. The questionnaire was consist of 18 items. To assess behavioral intentions (BI) the measure of Tompson et al., (2008) were obtained. This construct was assessed by five items. Example item is I would like to work for this organization. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness each assessed using five (Williamson et al., 2003) and eight (Palmer, 2002) items scales, respectively. Where applicable, the original wording computerized process was replaced by online application process for consistency doneout the questionnaire. Example items are My interaction with online application processes was get ahead and understandable and The organizations recruitment website provides all the information required to apply for job. At the end of the survey, space was provided for remarks or suggestions and respondents were thanked for their participation.3.2.4. AnalysisThe descriptive characteristics of the sample (Table 1) were assessed using SPSS 11.0 statistical package, based on the guidelines provided by Dimitriadis (2003). The research model (Figure 1) was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) using LISREL 8.7. As it has been suggested, the structural equation tone-beginning has several advantages over traditional analyses (Bagozzi and Yi, 1989). Data were analyzed using the two-step approach suggested by Anderson and Gerbing (1998) and. In the first step, a confirmatory factor epitome (CFA) was performed, which helps assess the adequacy of the measurement model (Chang, 1998), or in other words, . . . the measurement models (or confirmatory factor models) specify how hypothetical constructs are measured in terms of the observed variables (Lin and Lee, 2004). In the second step of the data analysis, the structural model is tested using SEM structural equation models specify causal relationships among potential variables (Lin and Lee, 2004).4. EXISTING SYSTEMIn recent days, staffs are monitoring the candidates during the recruitment process which is nearly the waste of time. Currently all the jobseekers register for their jobs in prior which are stored in the database of the company due to which more space is consumed. After registration all the jobseekers attend the aptitude test and proceed further but only certain candidates are selected for the further process.Presently recruitment is done manually. That is if a company or organization needs employees they make an announcement through newspaper or websites. People who are eligible send application to the organization or company. From these applications they are called for interviews or tests. After tests company has to do short listing manually. From these shortlisted candidates, they are called for interviews. After interview short listed candidates are employed. So its all a time consuming procedure too.It may bear off one month or long. Peop le approximately the world cannot apply. This is very convenient because in the manual system there are lot of difficulties in conducting and managing a recruitment exam, short listing, maintaining staff etc5.PROPOSED SYSTEMOnline Recruitment is aimed at developing a web-based and central recruitment Process system for the HR Group for a company. Some features of this system will be creating vacancies, storing application data, and Interview process initiation, Scheduling Interviews, Storing Interview results for the applicant and finally hiring of the applicant. Based on the exit of the exam the jobseekers will be shortlisted. The details of the examination Date of the examination will be made available to them through the website. People all around the world can apply and register. It has made all the process easy. System Analysis is the detailed study of the various operations performed by the system and their relationships inside and outside the system. Here we are using the TAM model for analysing the system performance.ADVANTAGESThis paper enables the users to have the typical examination facilities and features at their disposal. It resolves typical issues of manual examination processes and activities into a controlled and closely monitored work flow in the architecture of the application. This multi platform solution brings in by default, the basic intelligence and immense possibilities for further extension of the application as required by the user. The system makes it friendly to distribute, share and manage the examination entities with higher efficiency and easiness. It is a comprehensive resource for purpose a job online.6. DISCUSSIONIn the final model of the study, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have strong path coefficients( 0.71 and 0.82 respectively) in relation with behavioral intentions. Thus, from a causal point of view, the results of structural equation modeling confirm a strong causal relation between PEU and PU in one hand, and PU and BI on the other hand. The linear relation between PU and BI suggests that the perceived usefulness construct has a direct positive effect on applicants behavioral intentions to use recruitment websites.7.CONCLUSIONIn todays competing world, the success of recruitment efforts in organizations is bound with attracting an appropriate group of qualified job applicants using the least possible sources. E-recruitment as a growing recruitment tool is not an exception. Therefore, identifying factors that influence e-recruitment success in attracting the qualified group of applicants should be a high priority. Using a TAM model in the area of erecruitment, this study tried to identify two of the most influential factors on the applicants behavioral intentions to use organization recruitment website and the consequent employment decisions.8. REFERENCESKroustalis, C., (2012). Internet Recruitment Examining the Roles of Information, Attitudes, and Perceived Fit on Applic ant Attraction, A dissertation presented to Graduate School of Clemson University, (P. Raymark, R. Pak, C. Pury Eds.), Proquest Information andLearning Company.37. Lin, H. Lee, G.Chatzoglou, P. Vraimaki, E. (2009), Knowledge-sharing behavior of bank employees in Greece, Business ProcessManagement Journal, 15 (2), 245-266.Venkatesh, V., Bala, H. (2008). Technology accpetance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Science , 39 (2), 273-315.Tong, D. (2008). A study of e-recruitment technology adoption in Malaysia. Industrial Management Data Systems , 109 (2),281-300.Thompson, L., Braddy, P., Wuensch, K.E-recruitment and the benefits of organizational web appeal. Computer in Human Behavior , 24, 2384-2398.Bock, G. Kim, Y. (2002), Breaking the myths of rewards an exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing, Information Resources Management Journal, 15 (2), 14-21.Bock, G. Kim, Y, Breaking the myths of rewards an exploratory study of attitudes about knowledg e sharing, Information Resources Management Journal, 15 (2), 14-21.

Sociological Approaches To Health And Ill Health

Sociological costes To Health And Ill HealthIn this appellative I will look at the different sociological perspectives on wellness and ill health as well as the different definitions of it. delimitate health is really difficult as in that respect are many different views. There live been many criticisms of the defining of health. The definition of health has changed everyplace the years. For exampleIn Mauritania a small country in N.W. Africa, obesity is considered a sign of beauty. Girls are force-fed so that they grow up with that obesity look.In the western country obesity is seen as ill health, unattractive and associated with invalidating stereotypes.Obesity is still seen as a sign of wealth and well-being in many parts of Africa.Functionalist ApproachThe functionalist approach on health and ill health derives from Talcott Pearson. Talcott saw ill health as a threat to ordering and believed that good health was essential in order for society to be still functioning. He s aid that ill health affects our ability to work and bring to pass our roles in society. For that reason he said that for a soul to be considered beep there are several expectation to be met. He called the expectations the sick role which indicated how people are supposed to be like when they are ill and how they should be thinking. The sick role divides into deuce groups the rights and the obligations.RightsThe sick psyche is devoid from any friendly roles. For example work, or school, they should be allowed to take the day off in order to get back to normalThe sick person is non responsible for their conditionObligationsThe person should seek for medical assistance. For example going to the doctors to get checked up and get treatmentThe person should not like being sick. For example the person should not fake being sick just because they get attention as well as get a day off their normal duties.However the sick role backfires sometimes as people tend to lose patience with the sick person or deny that they are sick for reasons such as liking the role. For example family, they may show sympathy at the beginning but by and by a while they lose patience with the sick person and assume he/she is seeking attention or is a hypochondriac.Marxist Feminist ApproachMarxist approach believes that the health and kind care service care services are provided just to help the bourgeoisies gain gain ground. The Marxist believe that the health and social care of the service users should be maintained in order for them to quickly get back to work so that they can make profit for the bourgeoisies. In order to maintain the social hierarchy the government purposely ignores the selling of products which can harm ones body for example, cigarettes, tobacco etc. In the sophisticated world I believe the hierarchy is shaped into a pyramid with a few elite at the top controlling and manipulating those below which allows the copious to always be the rich and the poor to be the poor giving no chance for movement in the hierarchy.Feminist writers believe that the medical concern and pharmaceutical industries have given a low priority to developing male contraceptive pills which have fewer harmful side effects compared to contraceptives apply by women. This shows that society is exploiting women and increase anxiety and stress for women there by suppressing their abilities and making life outside of family harder so that women resume their position as a housewife. For example a women experiencing depression or nausea at her workplace will perform badly therefore in comparison to males who are acting better and getting better result she will seem inferior .This clearly shows how society and its medications are purposely full of side effects to marginalise women, so that the males will be more dominant.While Marxist and Socialist Feminist argue that women are not receiving the same medications as males. Women have two roles, also known as double day wh ich signifies two roles women have to undertake. First of all as a housewife, taking care of her domestic duties, and the otherwise as a worker/employer. Sociologist Doyal suggests that it is the fact that women have two roles in society, that they getting sick. Personally I believe it is due to the medication we receive as women, which could otherwise be given to men with far less side effects. It is the due to the lack of consideration and its need for male dominance that women are sick. take down now in this modern day the definition of health is not clear. There are two opposing theories one being that health content the absence of disease the other being not only an absence of disease but also a state of physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being. The negative concept is the absence of disease which would mean that the person needs to be diagnose with a disease in order to be unhealthy. However the compulsive definition which is provided by the World Health Organizati on (WHO)in 1974not merely an absence of disease but also a state of physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being means that you dont have to be diagnosed with a disease you could be mentally ill ,physically, spiritually ,socially, emotionally, or intellectually. So therefore the health and social care sectors usually take a holistic assessment in order to address the needs of the whole person rather than single issues. (Btec take 3 health and social care book 3).Sociologist Mildred Blaxter carried a large survey and then identified three definitions to health and well-beingOne overconfident definition regarding health as being fitTwo being a negative definition Regarding health as being free from unhinge or discomfortAnd lastly a functional definition regarding health in terms of being able to perform certain, day-to-day tasksConcepts of ill healthClinical IcebergOne concept of health is Clinical Iceberg this is a term used to describe unreported illness. The statistics prod uced by the government and the doctors have a 94% off unreported illness missing from the statistics. For example Lyme Disease is one of the highest unreported illnesses that is unreported. A survey last month for the Everyman masculine Cancer Campaign suggested that nearly twice as many men as women had not visited their GP in the past year. (http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/ mag/8154200.stm last accessed 22/10/12 1802) (http//www.anh-usa.org/lymedisease/ last accessed 27/12/12 )So therefore this could be one of the reason why there are so many unreported illness because men do need see a doctor because the try and live up to the verbalize of men dont cry and they are tough so this leads them to think that if they do go to the doctors that they are weak.ImpairmentImpairment is the restrictions to our day-to-day activities caused by physical or mental dysfunctions for example Down syndrome a learning difficultly.DisabilityDisability is seen by Tom Shakespeare as restrictions that arise for a person with impairments because society does not take into account the needs of people with impairment for example someone in a wheel chair not having ramps in buildings or someone deaf not having hearing aids lendable. However some people may refer this to disabling environment which suggests an environment where facilities for the impairments are not available for people to take full part in social life.

Concept of Hope in Nursing Practice

Concept of take to in Nursing PracticeINTRODUCTIONThe aim of this assignment is to explore the definition and concept of rely in relation with do for practice. It depart besides focus on the significance of wish in individuals who are suffering from degenerative diseases such(prenominal) as cancer and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). In addition, the obstacles which can arise while inspiring hope in clients and the problem solving methods which can second to manage the barriers will also be identified. Nurses have an important role to instill hope in the patient which can supporter the patient to raise a unequivocal feeling. Therefore, the significance of the concept of hope is considered as an important aspect of discussion in this assignment.DEFINIING THE CONCEPTHope is a concept which helps the nation to fulfill their life with expectation of unassailable things. fit in to Holt (2000) hope is an essential but dynamic life force that grows out of faith in God, is back up by relationship, resources and work, and result in the energy necessary to work for a desired future. Hope founds meaning and happiness. The life is more worth when filled with hope. It has heavy(p) influence in the sick people who are living in the darkness of hopelessness as it gives an optimistic point of view to their disease creator especially, in the patients who are suffering from malignant disease such as cancer and AIDS. Moreover, it has universal phenomenon as it can be seen each and every countries and cultures. despondency can be distinguished from depression and particularly in relation to health. Nurses should focus on hope than on the lack or loss of hope. fit in to peoples belief that hope is vital to life and that everyone has hope. According to Farran (1995) hope has a power to deliver positive feeling related to good health such as subjective well being, good social and physical status, somatic health and healthy lifestyles. Hope is characte rized in many ways as it involves feeling, thoughts, actions and relationship. According to Rustoen (1995) hope is not an enduring state, it is a varying phenomenon. Hope has no age limit, it can be offered to any age group even in child or in aged people. Individuals are able to make a distinction between hope and expectancy as relating to both positive and negative situations. Hope is considered as an emotion or feeling (Rustoen, 1995) which helps to cope with any difficult situation in their life. So, hope can be considered as an acceptable emotion as it provides beneficial effect on patients. Hope is very useful when it is goal oriented, especially in the areas of rehabilitation, recovery, or health promotion. Stephenson (1991) verbalize that hope is vital in every persons life, as it helps them to work constantly to achieve their goal or manage their present situation. For example, the patient who is suffering from an incurable disease has a strong feeling of loss and emotiona l stress. In such situations, hope has an important role in begining positive thoughts and prepare them to co-operate with the discussion regimens (Hinds and Martin, 1988).Thus, hope assists in improving the quality of fearfulness. Stephenson (1991) further suggested that, to impart hope in someone there are three appraisals needed such as firstly, it is important the situation of the individual, secondly, the situation should have a potential to be incongruent with an individuals goals and finally, the situation involves uncertainty (unexpected future). In addition, hope is related to ones emotional status. Davison and Simpson (2006) claimed that it is essential that over all emotion of a person is associated with the hope, because, an optimistic point of view is needed for the positive outcome. There are some other factors which help to perceive hope. The studies supported that the support of the society, self respect and self esteem and spirituality and religious support which are required for maintaining hope during illness (Stephenson, 1991). Moreover, hope is important as it is focused on how people can endure and look forward to life for the best despite of the difficulties in their life. In breast feeding care, hope has specific importance because the injured/ill persons need special attention for the rapid recovery.RELEVANCE OF HOPE IN NURSING PRACTICEHope has a great influence in patient care as it is closely connected with nurses and nursing care. To provide a good nursing care to the patient, nurses should have the qualities like patience, expectation, suffering and ability to adjust with the situation. Hinds and Martin (1999) stated hope as a cornerstone of the role of the nurse. Further, Travelbee (1971) identified the nurses role to sharing the let of hope with the patients and avoid the feeling of hopelessness. Nurses cannot transform the hope into the patient unless they have it. In the literature by Moores (2005) it is illustrated that th e nurses should have a high level of self awareness and have hope in themselves in order to inspire hope in the patients. Moreover, nurses should create an interpersonal relationship with the patient by good communication. This will help the patient to establish a feeling of comfort, care, intrust and confidence. Turner (1981) stated that hope is closely interconnected with nurses everyday life as well as work environment. However, the term hope used was not clear and ambiguous and this concept was not acceptable in the patient with chronic illness or incurable condition. Therefore, it is essential to create positive attitude in patient for their better future. Nurses have a vital role to flummox positive expectation in patients. According to Moore (2005) hope is considered to be a positive concept that can make a difference to peoples lives. In addition, it also presented as a center concept of nursing practice because, it is closely linked with patients experience and improvemen t. In nursing, hope is considered as an essential perception which helps the nurses to avail or continue in others. Moreover, by encouraging patients with hope, nurses can create a positive energy among patient who is suffering with chronic diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Cutcliffe and Grant (2000) stated that relationship between the function of caring activity of helping , and practice instilling hope in continuing care of cognitively impaired old adults within a continuing care , as basis for suggesting that inspiring hope to clients is one of the primary acts of psychiatric or mental health nursing. Thus, hope helps the cognitively impaired patient to display the qualities of faith and hope as well as will to live and love. Mostly, patient with chronic disease like cancer may have no hope in their life and they leave everything for their destiny. Brumbach (1994) points out that hope is the key encouraging factor which helps patient to go further with expectations. It is diff icult to sustain hopefulness in patient without emphasize the importance of hope repeatedly because hope is an active function not passive. So, it is important to make sure that the active participation of patient and the nurse. Furthermore, the main barriers which resist inspiring hope in nursing practice, such as lack of knowledge and communication skill, fear about the disease condition, lack of emotional stability and expectation and lack of awareness regarding the treatment regimens (Scanlon, 1989). All these reasons will affect emotional outlook of the nurse. Moreover, recognizing these obstacles will help to understand more about hope and facilitate to provide good care to the patient. Nurses need to give more effort and concern to the patients who are seriously ill. The total health care team is needed for the care of patients. In another word a total team spirit is needed to achieve a goal which is planned for the patient care. However, to achieve a central goal in nursing practice or care, some certain hindrance will occur and it can be overcome through good communication with patients and family members, listing to patients problems, trust full relationship between patients and provide appropriate knowledge regarding diagnosis and prognosis of the disease condition.CONCLUSIONTo sum up, the concept of hope is applicable in all spheres of life and helps in dealing with the problems and difficulties which make the life stressful. Hope is a light in the life of patient. It helps the individual to maintain the strength of the person. too for the family who knows about the prognosis of the patient, they prepare their self emotionally and practically. Hope is a belief of them. Always hope for the best. This is a essential part of life and for the tender-hearted being. In this concept, different authors have different views about the concept.Word Count 1434

Inside the Mind of Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Inside the Mind of Macbeth Some writers concern themselves with inward psychological processes. In these works the focus is the mind of the character and the decisions that he makes. The reader is concentrated on whether the character will make the right choice or the wrong choice. He can stay the same, or necessitate something about himself and change. In the play Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the mental processes of Macbeth to reveal and explore his character. Through the opinions that Macbeth possesses, the reader interprets his personality. Macbeth goes through with(predicate) many changes, each time gaining to a greater extent and more evil. As the play progresses, he loses his soul and humanity. Macbeth is introduces into the play as a brave and loyal servant. He feels respect for his king and is willing to risk his life for him. At this point he is selfless and good. He, himself, is proud of his service to his king. It is when he is confronted by evil that he begins to doubt t he true worth of his loyalty. As he is accustomed honors he begins to gain pride. As a servant, a man must feel loyalty and respect for his master. With time, Macbeth steps over that line and begins to feel more pride in his accomplishments than pride in his service to his king. When confronted with the adventure that he might be king, Macbeth becomes selfish and self-serving. The witches give him the idea that there is a possibility that he could be great. Lady Macbeth persuades him that in order to be a true man he must assert his power. He is constantly feed with pride by the king and his peers. He would like to improve his own rank in society. Seeing that people trust in his command, he considers universe king. Unable to control his intense pride and need to fulfill it, Macbeth decides to kill Duncan. The people around him, either by design or by accident, get under ones skin convinced him of the idea. Macbeth believes that he deserves this power and decides that he will t ake it in his own way. He still holds some remorse for what he does, but goes through with killing Duncan anyway. It is after Duncan is killed, that the sinister Macbeth comes out. The new characteristic that is introduced is that Macbeth is very controlling. Macbeth still does not feel comfortable with his position.

Essay --

Ketamine is used forInducing anesthesia (lack of sensation or feeling) before surgery or certain procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.Ketamine is an anesthetic. It works in the brain to inhibit painful sensations.DO NOT USE ketamine IFyou are allergic to each ingredient in ketamineyou have a condition in which a large increase in blood pressure would be pervertingyou are taking droxidopaContact your doctor or health explosive charge provider right away if any of these utilise to you.BEFORE USING KETAMINESome medical conditions may interact with ketamine. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to youif you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feedingif you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary postscriptif you have allergies to medicines, foods, or oth er substancesif you have a history of head trauma or injury, bleeding in the brain, a stroke, increased spinal changeable pressure, increased pressure in the eye, bladder or urinary problems, heart problems (eg, congestive heart failure), high blood pressure, mental or mood problems, or thyroid problemsif you have a history of alcoholism or you are intoxicated by alcoholSome MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with ketamine. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the followingAmiodarone or droxidopa because serious side effects, such as abnormal heart rhythms, may occurThis may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if ketamine may interact with other medici... ...sks to your baby.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF KETAMINEAll medicines may cause side effects, but some(prenominal) people have no, or minor, side effects.Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothe rsome leaving of appetite nausea vomiting.Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occurSevere allergic reactions (rash store itching difficulty breathing tightness in the chest swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue) behavior changes confusion difficult, frequent, or painful urination double fancy fainting fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat hallucinations involuntary muscle movements mental or mood changes (eg, anxiety) pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site severe or persistent dizziness, light-headedness, or headache slowed or shallow breathing uncontrolled eye movements.

National Identity in Eric Amblers Journey into Fear Essay -- Journey

National Identity in Eric Amblers Journey into FearIn his novel A Coffin for Dimitrios, Eric Ambler writes A mans features, the beat structure and the tissue which covers it, are the product of a biological process but his face he creates for himself (269). This distinction between the physical flesh and the face, the get to mask is for Ambler a crucial metaphor of duplicity (269). It is a screen to hide the minds nakedness...though they understand instinctively that the mask cannot be the man bottomland it they are generally shocked by a demonstration of the fact (269). If we extend this notion of the face to other external indicators of the man beneath, such as clothing and interior(a)ity, we begin to see the politics that imbue Amblers characters. Graham, the hero of Journey into Fear, plays the usage of the innocent Englishman in a duplicitous world of false identity element and devil masks (269). As the act of identification occur, both of the mask and of the mind be hind the mask, Grahams relation as the Englishman to the other characters becomes a politicized commentary on Englands role in the early stages of the Second World War.In Journey into Fear, Graham is presented to us as an embodiment of the Englishman. To the members of his society, Graham presents nothing more than the epitome of their national identity, to the extent that they are unable to recognize Graham as anything but unremarkable. Entrenched in their own culture, he presents nothing more than what they expect. Insofar as he possesses characteristics particular to him they are necessary only for driving the plot forwards. Beyond providing an alibi for his presence in Turkey, Graham is characterized by the inability of his peers, the ... ... or so away from the cars tank and fires at it (262). It is this act of identification of the situation and the action that follows that allows Graham to prevail over the German agents.Ultimately, Journey into Fear reads as a commentar y on the political situation of England in the beginning stages of World War II. The nationalist and supra-nationalist identities speak to the necessity that Ambler saw of England initial recognizing the situation, being able to identify the ape beneath the mask of national identity and subsequently acting upon it. The hero, Graham in this case, must identify, as Amblers the puma does, the mind through the face and become aware of the inherently duplicitous nature of that mask.ReferencesAmbler, Eric. A Coffin for Dimitrios. hit-or-miss House New York 1939.Ambler, Eric. Journey into Fear. Random House New York 1940.

Essay --

Brindley SiscoPeriod 5John Burroughs was an American naturalist whose essays contributed to ...Burroughs was the seventh child innate(p) to Chauncy and Amy Burroughs on April 3,1837. He grew up along with nine other brothers and sisters on his familys rear in the Catskill Mountains. While he worked on the familys farm as a young boy he was always captivated by the birds, wildlife, and frogs who returned each spring. Burrough loved to learn as a child and was oft reading, but his dad did no support Johns interest in attending college. So, at the young age of seventeen John left home in hopes of raising enough money to pay for college. To earn his money for school he mainly taught at a school in Olive, New York. Burroughs at long last attended Cooperstown Seminary. While there he read the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson and William Wordsworth who became two of his lifelong influences. It was not until the summer of 1860 when John Burroughs essay Expression was picked up by Atlantic Monthly. Which was later published in November of that same year. In 1864 John took a job as a c...